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# Algorithm Homework 11
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> 姓名:阙建明
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>
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> 学号:1901213139
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## 作业要求:
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Leetcode: 743, 847
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- ### Leetcode problem 743
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> [网络延迟时间](https://leetcode-cn.com/problems/network-delay-time/)
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- **算法思路:**
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1. 使用Dijkstra算法找到发信号的点到其它所有点的最短路径(时间作为边的权重);
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2. 结束时判断是否遍历了所有的点,没有则返回-1,有则返回所有点里面距离最大的点的距离作为总的耗时。
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3. 遇到大于限定跳数就跳出进行剪枝;
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4. 遇到目标节点就直接返回其最小开销,结束算法。
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- **Leetcode提交结果:**
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- **代码:**
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```python
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class Solution:
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def networkDelayTime(self, times: List[List[int]], N: int, K: int) -> int:
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# 构造图
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graph = collections.defaultdict(list)
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for u, v, w in times:
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graph[u].append((w, v))
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# 用一个堆来存储已只一个非无穷的距离,但是还没用进行松弛的item => 每个item包含 当前已知的源到点的距离,以及点的编号
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pq = [(0, K)]
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# 记录已经松弛的点
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visited = {}
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while pq:
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distance, node = heapq.heappop(pq)
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# 这边过滤到多余push的点
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if node in visited:
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continue
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visited[node] = distance
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for distance2, neighbour in graph[node]:
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if neighbour not in visited:
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# 遍历每个邻居的时候都会执行push操作,可能有一个点被push若干次,但是由于堆的特性,最先被访问到的一定是距离最小的那个
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heapq.heappush(pq, (distance + distance2, neighbour))
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return max(visited.values()) if len(visited) == N else -1
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```
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- ### Leetcode problem 934
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> [最短的桥](https://leetcode-cn.com/problems/shortest-bridge/)
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- **算法思路:**
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1. 以每个点为起点,同时进行BFS搜索;
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2. 用 `(cover, cur)` 元组代表一个状态 (State)=> 其中cover表示当前已经走过的节点(用二进制位的压缩表示,每个二进制位代表一个节点是否走过),cur表示当前所出的节点;
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3. 用dict字典记录达成每个状态(State)所需的最小跳数;
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4. 每次从队列中取出一个状态,遍历当前节点的所有邻居转移到若干个新状态,添加到队列当中(同时使用dict来过滤掉一些不必要的状态)。
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- **Leetcode提交结果:**
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- **代码:**
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```python
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class Solution:
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def shortestPathLength(self, graph: List[List[int]]) -> int:
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N = len(graph)
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# 使用队列,保证先进先出,可以用来做BFS遍历
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queue = collections.deque((1 << i, i) for i in range(N))
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# 最短路径必然小于N * N
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dist = collections.defaultdict(lambda: N * N)
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# 结束标记
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END = (1 << N) - 1
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# 初始化,出发点所走路径为0
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for i in range(N):
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dist[(1 << i, i)] = 0
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while queue:
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cover, cur = queue.popleft()
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d = dist[(cover, cur)]
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if cover == END:
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return d
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for child in graph[cur]:
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newCover = cover | (1 << child)
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if d + 1 < dist[newCover, child]: # 每个状态只记录最短路径
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dist[newCover, child] = d + 1
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queue.append((newCover, child))
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```
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